NIOS D.El.Ed 10 Important Long Questions Course 508 Block 1 ENG

NIOS D.El.Ed

 10 Important Long Questions

 Course 508 Block 1

Q1. What is Art Education? Elaborate the Visual Art and Performing Art. Ans- Art Education is a primary pathway to learning, a journey of discovery of the meaning of teaching for aesthetic experience. Art is an expression of ideas created by human imagination, skill and invention. There is a saying “Music is what feelings sound like”. Similarly this applies to other art forms. Movement manifests emotion, voice modulation gives way to the inner self, drawing reveals the inner layers of the mind, Sculpture mirrors the inner self. Art education is the area of learning that is based upon • The visual, tangible art • The performing arts THE VISUAL: An artist uses paper, canvas, clay, metal, paint etc. which can be moulded or transformed to create some physical or art object. a. drawing, b. painting, c. sculpture, d. Design (in jewellery, pottery, weaving, fabrics, etc. and design applied to more practical fields such as commercial graphics and home furnishings.) e. Contemporary topics include photography, video, film, design, computer art, etc.) 0ur architecture, inside our houses, in the way we dress up, the way we display our food, the way we stand, sit or even talk...a personal style statement.Each occasion and festivities in our lives involve the aesthetic expression. The rangolis on our door steps on Diwali, that huge Ravana on Dussehra, the beautiful temporary temples and not to miss Goddess Durga statues which have a new personification every year,... the shape , form and style of the divas emerging every day THE PERFORMING ARTS: The artist uses their own body, face and presence as a medium. It is something which is performed, seen and heard. Usually the different types of performing arts accepted and understood are; Theatre Music Dance Puppetry Artists who participate in performing arts in front of an audience are called Performers .They include actors, comedians, dancers, magicians, musicians, singers, puppeteers etc. The important aspect that a teacher has to understand is that performance need not always be through very formal learning. India is a land of too many diverse cultures. For Example: In the state of Punjab, wheat is the main winter crop, which is sown in October and harvested in March or April. In January, the fields come up with the promise of a golden harvest, and farmers celebrate Lohri during this rest period before the cutting and gathering of crops. For Punjabis, this is more than just a festival, it is an example of a way of life.

2. Briefly explain how Art Education plays an important role in imparting regular curriculum of day to day teaching in school. Answer: Art Education is a primary pathway to learning, a journey of discovery of the meaning of teaching for aesthetic experience. Art is an expression of ideas created by human imagination, skill and invention. Movement manifests emotion, voice modulation gives way to the inner self, drawing reveals the inner layers of the mind, Sculpture mirrors the inner self. This is Art education .This is why we need Art education .Art education is the area of learning that is based upon • The visual, tangible art • The performing arts Important role of Art Education in imparting regular curriculum of day to day teaching in school: 1. Art allows the children to develop their own free expression of what they are and how they feel. 2. It allows them to learn in a more creative way than the structured lessons. 3. There is no fear of being wrong. Here they are actually allowed to mess around without being frowned upon. 4. It enhances the level of self analysis, self esteem, and also self discipline. Such children stay more motivated and cooperate more readily than the others. 5. It develops practical aptitude and facilitates thinking. 6. People of all abilities, colour and gender relate to the artwork. Art is blind to the caste, creed, religion and even the boundaries of states, nations and languages. 7. Not only does it cultivate rich taste and appreciation of beauty, it also directs the inner energies into creative abilities. 8. An artist does not have to raise his/her voice; the expression of art form is enough to stir the masses. It is a wonderful tool to channelize energies into positive expression. 9. Imagination and vivid expressions (imagery) create opportunities of positive educational encounters leading to a passion for learning. 10. Aesthetic experiences of the perspectives of a poet, dancer, visual artist, a musician engages the attention of the learner bringing out a real renaissance in the thinking processes. Activity from visual Arts: Visual Art is an important part of the visual art curriculum. Such a sensorial experience lasts longer as more than one sense organs are involved in learning. Students need encouragement to observe details in their surroundings and explore the relationships between objects and their environment. When a child draws an image after observation of an actual object or through some imagination the concept becomes more meaningful to the child as the creation develops an in-depth analysis for meaning in the visual images. Suppose we select an activity of pottery which can be done with a craft person within the town, village or locality. Library books to help them know more about the craft. They must try to make their own little pots to get a better idea of the skills required. Video shoot or take pictures with a camera to create your own gallery. This also gives them the entire process (stepwise) as to how to make their own pots. This helps in the Appreciation of Aesthetics Around them and Strengthening of their “Cultural Values” Activity from Performing Arts: Artists who participate in performing arts in front of an audience are called Performers .They include actors, comedians, dancers, magicians, musicians, singers, puppeteers etc. The artist uses their own body, face and presence as a medium. It is something which is performed, seen and heard. Dance is the expression of the intellect, emotions, and the body using energy, shapes, patterns, actions, and gestures—aesthetically. Personal creativity and imagination develop along with the mental skills of concentration, listening, and timing. Dancers are students of nonverbal communication through the art of rhythmic bodily movement. Mental endurance and the skills of concentration, listening and timing sharpen the senses. Practice, improvement, discipline, and precision enhance personal confidence. Performance in a group fosters intense cooperation and interpersonal skills.

Q3. Explain briefly the Experimentation with different materials of visual arts and crafts. Answer- By using different art materials like pencil, colour, brush, adhesive as a means of expression children should be encouraged to develop a sense of proportion, depth, light, shade and tactile feeling. They can use different sizes of paper in a better way. Each material possesses its unique characteristics and qualities. Materials are available around us. Like leaves, twigs, dried flower, cloth pieces, bits of paper etc. PENCIL Children from early age scribble as soon as a pencil is given to them. It is the most easily available medium and a tool to express their inner desire of writing on paper. Types of Pencils • Graphite Pencil – These are most common type of pencil , encased in wood. They are made of mixture of clay and graphite. There darkness varies from grey to black. • Coloured Pencil – These have Wax like cores with pigment and other fillers. Multiple colours are blended together. PASTEL COLOUR Pastel Colour is in the form of a stick, which consists of powdered pigment combined with a binder. Pastels are of different types:- DRY PASTEL - Dry pastel are of two types. Hard pastel and Soft pastel. Hard Pastel • Higher binder , less pigment • Used to draw outlines • The colour are less brilliant • No fixative required POSTER COLOUR A Poster colour is water paint with gum binder, which is opaque and dries fast, such as glue. They are usually sold in glass jars and also called Show- Card colour or Tempera colours. These are used for writing posters, making cards etc. Use of Poster Colours They are widely used in Scenery, Painting, and Commercial art purpose. Illustration, Display and in Educational work. PEN AND INK The use of pen and ink is similar to that of a pencil drawing. There are many types of pens that come in the market like felt tip markers, fountain pens etc. We can also create pens from the nature.E.g. sticks, bamboos, reeds, crow quill ,nib-pens etc. Each pen forms a unique type of line on paper which needs to be explored and experimented. Children should be encouraged to do drawings, write in a calligraphy style using ink pens to create interest in drawing. E.g. they can write Vande Mataram, or Jai Hind, in an interesting manner using pens of different thicknesses. RANGOLI Rangoli is a traditional decorative folk art of India. These were made in the courtyards duringHindu festivals. Different kind of decorations are done in different states. E.g. Mandana in Rajasthan, Alpana in Bengal etc. Rangoli designs can be simple geometrical shapes, deity impressions e.gSwastik, Lotus or lakshmiji steps or can have elaborate designs. CLAY Children of all ages like to play freely with clay. They make figures of different things they observe all around out of clay. Modeling clay requires little number of tools at the primary level as they can manage clay with their hands. Squeezing, pinching, patting and stroking with hands by children at primary level will improve their motor skills. Baking of the clay is not important. It is the experience to work with clay which is more important. Clay can be procured from potters in the nearby areas MIXED MATERIALS Many types of art work like collage, rangoli, classroom backdrops, stage presentation props or landscape can be produced from mixed material which can be low cost, non-toxic, traditional ,non-traditional .We know from cave paintings or rock paintings early human beings explored nature and found colours in flowers, leaves, grass, bark of tree, minerals etc. CRAFT MATERIAL Within the confinement of the four walls of our house, plenty of materials are available which are discarded. From this trash we can explore and find craft materials which can produce fantastic craft pieces. Reusing waste material or trash is an amazing experience. A little bit of imagination, creativity, skill and ability to see objects not as they are, but what they can become, can be a memorable and rewarding.

Q4. What is rangoli? What kinds of materials can be used to make rangoli? Answer- Rangoli is a traditional decorative folk art of India. These were made in the courtyards during Hindu festivals. Different kind of decorations are done in different states. E.g. Mandana in Rajasthan, Alpana in Bengal etc. Rangoli designs can be simple geometrical shapes, deity impressions e.g Swastik, Lotus or lakshmiji steps or can have elaborate designs. Rangoli material differs from state to state. Some use 1. Dry rice or flour:- to which Haldi, natural colours are added. 2. Flowers: - Patterns on the floor by filling flower petals like rose, marigold etc. 3. Sand/Saw dust: - Patterns on floor filled with dried sand /raw dust. 4. Diyas: - Patterns by arranging diyas into an interesting form e.g. in concrete circle or in swastika form then different colours of gulal or dried rice can be filled in each circle of diyas making a wonderful pattern.

Q5. Elaborate the Block printing techniques which method is most commonly used for a small child to do Printing? Answer- Printing is an interesting method to create impression. It can be as simple as putting a thumb on stamp pad and pressed to make a finger print . Method is most commonly used for a small child to do Printing: VEG. PRINTS: - vegetables like potatoes, onions, cabbage, capsicumetc can be cut, dabbed with colour or painted and pressed on paper to create a print or impression . The prints can be made to create patterns for education sake or even for fun sake. NATURE PRINTS:- The objects found in nature can be used for printing e.g. leaves or fern, feather, a piece of wood or a tree branch. HAND/FINGER/THUMB PRINTS: - Children love to paint their fingers, thumbs or even hands. The hands and fingers are dipped into thick paints and then pressed on paper to leave impression. These impressions can then be used to create different animals, birds, fruits, vegetables, faces etc.

Q6. What is Collage Making? Write Importance of Collage Making. Ans- ‘Collage’ is a French word which means gluing or pasting. As an Art term, it refers specifically to the assembling, arranging and pasting of paper, cloth and other material to create an artistic composition. It involves the use of almost any material and is useful for creative imagination The base can be paper, boards, ply, or canvas. Different kinds of materials like kinds of paper like magazine paper, newspaper, coloured paper, etc ,old fabrics, buttons, thread, boxes, foil, etc ,Feathers, shells, sand, leaves, twig, dried flowers, etc can be used in Collage to make it interesting , creative and to experiment with using of scrap by children. The topics can be as serious as pollution, clean city, deforestation etc or even fun filled like making a kite, my house and so on. Importance of Collage Making: • It helps to develop the fine motor skills of children by tearing and pasting • The creative skill in children gets enhanced by such activities • There are children who cannot draw efficiently, and hence feel discouraged. Collage is a great method to develop interest in art work for such kind of children. • Group work can be enhanced while making collage.

Q7. What is Mask and Puppet making? Write some easy or common techniques of making Mask and Puppet. Ans- A puppet is an inanimate object or representational figure animated or manipulated by an entertainer, who is called a puppeteer. This is a very ancient form of theatre. Puppets are of different varieties and they are made out of a wide range of materials, depending on their form and intended use. Puppetry by its nature is a flexible and inventive medium. Children at primary level can make Mask and Puppets out of ordinary materials available in the surrounding like threads, bits of paper, straws, paper bags, newspaper, buttons, wool, broom sticks, old cloth or socks, cotton etc. Children learn to use waste material effectively, get motivated to choose locally available materials and avoid artificial or cost demanding material. Children become more observant and explore new things. Some common techniques are:- Finger Puppet- It is the simplest way to make puppet without much paraphernalia. One can simply tie a piece of cloth on finger and create a character by painting eyes, nose, mouth etc on thumb and fingers depicting different characters. Pictures Socks Puppet- These puppets are made of worn out socks to be worn on hands. Eyes and other features can be added by using yarn, buttons, pom-poms, ribbon, felt, feathers, craft, foam, and beads. The figures made out of glove are then brought to action to show the puppet talking. Paper bag puppet Use a white or Brown paper bag. Use markers to make a face on the bottom of the paper bag. The mouth will be on the bottom edge where the bag is folded. You can also use felt pens for the figure and cut out eyes, nose, etc. Mask This is normally worn on the face and used for disguise and entertainment both. Masks are usually worn on face for different ceremonies, storytelling etc. A paper plate, some feathers, a few sequins — make a really cool mask. Just as puppets can be made, similarly children explore and experiment with different materials and use their imagination to create Masks out of it. Some kinds of Masks that can be made from materials suitable for primary children can be:- Paper Mask We can use any paper for making mask. Children cut-out the line drawing according to the character and then add the features to it. Use of different colour paper for making features and different material for decoration is to be adopted. Paper plate masks are also easy to make. Get a paper plate, make holes, cut the four edges to fold and paste so as to fit in with the oval shape of the face, put an elastic on two sides of the plate, and wear it. Paint and give character to the mask for playing. Paper-Mache masks are made of pulped paper or paper strips moistened with thin wheat paste. By this material one can create interesting contours to the face. When dry it is hard and durable. Paint it with colour to give character. One can make full or half masks depending on the requirement.

Q8. What Regional dance? How Regional art form plays a significant role in child’s life at the elementary level? Ans- Regional dance form is performed in groups on religious occasions, marriages, any cultural event, Republic day parade, local festival of a particular region, movie cinema, tourist places etc. These dances are performed solo, duet and in groups. In these dances people of varied age groups perform spontaneously in dances of their specific regions. E.g. in Gujarat Dandia or in Punjabi Bhangra we find thousands of people dancing together to the beat of regional music. Regional art form plays a significant role in child’s life at the elementary level – 1. It helps in the holistic development of children. Art forms touch physical, cognitive, emotional, social, spiritual, and language 2. Participation in activities enhances coordination, cooperation, sharing, and patience, strength of unity, leadership and ability to initiate and follow. 3. It helps to build in positive attitude towards life. 4. It gives opportunity to solve problem in any situation through exploration. 5. It increases concentration power and attention span. It helps in sharpening the mental abilities. 6. It helps to enhance creativity and imagination. 7. It gives outlet of energy and emotions satisfying the child 8. Through activities there is interaction between students which breaks the barrier of language. 9. In a classroom students come from different region, so performances enhances feeling of brotherhood. 10. As regional art forms are organized at elementary level, it strengths regional bonding and develops respect for region. 11. It helps students to know and understand their Indian culture and enhances national integration.

Q9. Briefly discuss the role of Indicators in evaluation of Art Education activities. Answer: Evaluation in art education is under taken to recognize progress of children in various areas and identify areas which need further learning. At the elementary level a teacher need not focus on the fine skills and knowledge of any art form. Children are supposed to express them according to their capacity and thinking. Freedom should be given to them to imagine, explore, innovate and then express. “An instrument which gives you information” is called indicator. Indicator is a qualitative or quantitative variable that provides a simple and reliable means to measure achievement, to reflect changes connected to an intervention, or to help assess the performance. Indicators are about achievements but are never an end in itself. A single indicator can rarely provide useful information about such a complex phenomena as learning. Indicator usually designed to generate more and more accurate information about conditions. The purpose of indicator is to characterize the nature of system through its components- How they are related and how they change our time? This information can be used to judge progress towards some goal or standards. Role of Indicators in evaluation of Art Education Activities • Set goals and priorities. • Evaluate program. • Describe and state problems much clearly. • It provides useful information to the teachers. • It allows relating with the other indicators. • It measures how far and how close one is from the objectives? • It helps to identify problematic situations. • Its ability to summarize information. • It helps to compare its value to a standard itself. Comprehensively the Development Indicators Are Physical and Motor Development • stamina, and activity level • grace, • alertness, • eye – hand coordination • gross motor development, • fine motor development, Mental Development • Observation • Memory • Clarity of Concepts • Problem – Solving • Making sense of information • Language development • Creativity • Logical Thinking • Perceiving things, events etc. Socio-emotional Development • Relating to adults and peers • Sharing with others • Cooperation • Taking initiatives • Adjustment • Expression of feelings, ideas Diagnosis exercise plays an important role in evaluation. It is evaluation through which the main problems are identified and areas or focus groups that need attention are known. The data in its original form cannot be used to draw inferences. It needs to be converted in the form of indicators, so that meaningful conclusion is drawn. Indicator answers a variety of questions.

 Q10. Explain the significance of portfolio. How will you use a portfolio for evaluation? Ans- Portfolio is a collection of art work intended to show case children’s style or method of work. Sometime, a students’ portfolio can be referred to as a scrap book .A teacher not only can go through the portfolio for evaluation, but it will play a determining factor in future to take some decisions. An effective portfolio accurately represents the child’s ability and skill in the best possible light. It illustrates the child’s expression and communication abilities as well as showcasing the work. Through portfolio art speaks for itself. At the end of session or year, when all art work gathered in a portfolio, teacher can be more clear about the growth of a child he/she can spent some time with an individual’s work with a critical eye, thinking about what should be done for improvement. Individual portfolio review should be a part of ongoing assessment throughout the course. Teacher can evaluate through portfolio after a period of time or can have a discussion session for peer evaluation. Portfolio can be a good instrument for focusing on other’s work. It may be used for evaluation in many ways like; • Teacher & parents • Among student & peers • Among teacher parents & student Students responding to their own & their peer’s work is an important part of evaluation. Discussing their work with others, help student to refine their art expressions. Teacher may also encourage them to develop critical thinking & to take responsibility for their own learning. This practice allows them to see compiled direct evidence or real growth which can be a great source of satisfaction and pride. Progress is readily apparent for every student. It is important to note that challenging oneself personally and exploring new idea of working are essential in artistic development. It should be made clear to all children that all of their visual art work will be in that portfolio whether completed or not and will be evaluated so that the child feel motivated to work hard.